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What was the world’s first movie?

In 1877 Charles Emile Reynaud invented the Praxinoscope, a mirrored drum that gives the illusion of movement using strips of pictures.

‘The Great Train Robbery’ (1903) is considered to be the first real full length movie, the first narrative Western film with a storyline, and the first real smash hit.

FIRST INDIAN FILM

The first full-length motion picture in India was produced by Dadasaheb Phalke, a scholar on India’s languages and culture, who brought together elements from Sanskrit epics to produce his Raja Harishchandra (1913), a silent film in Marathi.(Interestingly, the female roles in the film were played by male actors.)

Ardeshir Irani released Alam Ara, the first Indian talking film, on 14 March 1931.

FIRST MALAYALAM FILM

Until the release of the book The History of Cinema, it was believed that Balan had been the first Malayalam film. But in his book, Chelangatt Gopalakrishnan established that J. C. Daniel was the father of Malayalam cinema and that his film Vigathakumaran was the first Malayalam film.The second film, Marthanda Varma, based on a novel by C. V. Raman Pillai.Balan, released in 1938, was the first “talkie” in Malayalam. It was directed by S. Nottani.

Alex Biryokov and Adi Shamir published a paper this week describing flaws in an algorithm used to scramble allegedly private conversations on GSM cell phones, which are used by more than 215 million users worldwide. The researchers wrote that a PC with 128MB of memory and large hard drive can break the A5/1 GSM algorithm in less than one second.

The source code for the A5/1 algorithm, which is one of four cryptographic algorithms in the GSM standard, was developed in secret and never published.

In the U.S., GSM is used in the Digital PCS networks of telecommunications companies including Pacific Bell, Bell South, and Omnipoint Communications Services.

The paper, which builds on earlier attempts to break the standard, reportedly describes flaws in the A5/1 algorithm used to secure GSM voice and data transmissions. Voice-encryption algorithms encrypt the voice signal between the cell phone and the base station, but don’t encrypt the signal end-to-end within the phone network.

The A5/1 algorithm can be broken if the call is intercepted. However, the Dublin, Ireland-based GSM Association insists there is no hardware capable of intercepting a call. Equipment claiming to intercept GSM transmissions has been offered for sale on the Internet but is now illegal.

The findings of Biryokov and Shamir’s paper, which is still being evaluated by the GSM Association, will be discussed at the next meeting of the GSM security working group on December 16.

there is size limit of 1000 bytes…

http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/compile/

Trinamool Congress chief and Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee strode on a renewed wave of popularity to signal the end of the Left era in West Bengal. 

Orissa Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik and Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh rewrote the history of political consistency.  

Governance acquired a new dimension of competence in the hands of Union Home Minister P Chidambaram and Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee.  

Apart from this there is also no denial that in 2009 General Elections, voters overwhelmingly voted for the youth. 

One man, who became the symbol of this new trust and represented the generation next of Indian leaders is Rahul Gandhi.  

He has become the synonymous of political credibility and social sensitivity. 

“Rahul Gandhi has been chosen CNN-IBN politician of the year over many of his more experienced colleagues and rivals because no one toured India the way he has in the past 60 months. Nobody has enunciated a vision of new India the way he has and none has understood the immediate need to bridge the city-country divide the way Rahul Gandhi has. His efforts show that hard work pays even in the uncertain world of politics,” says CNN-IBN Editor-in-chief Rajdeep Sardesai.

i will start with discipline……

sreelekshmi j